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Palazzo Borghese is a palace in Rome, Italy, the main seat of the Borghese family. It was nicknamed ''il Cembalo'' ("the harpsichord") due to its unusual trapezoidal groundplan; its narrowest facade faces the River Tiber. The entrance at the opposite end of the building, the "keyboard" of the cembalo, faces onto the Fontanella di Borghese, with another in a great flanking facade to the Piazza Borghese that is extended by a slightly angled facade leading down Via Borghese towards the river. Both these entrances lead into a large courtyard on one side of which is a two level open arcade, with paired Doric and Ionic columns, that frames the garden beyond. ==History== The architectural historian Howard Hibbard has demonstrated that the nine-bay section of the palace on Piazza Fontanella Borghese was begun in 1560/61 for Monsignor Tommaso del Giglio, whose coat of arms or ''stemma'' remain over the door in Piazza Borghese, and he suggests that the architect was Vignola,〔Hibbard, ''The Palazzo Borghese'' (Rome:American Academy) 1962. Former attributions were to Martino Longhi the Elder, an architect who did not show such imagination and vitality elsewhere, and who was not yet in Rome in 1560-61.〕 an attribution accepted by Anthony Blunt,〔Reviewing Hibbard 1962 in ''The Burlington Magazine'' 105 No. 729 (December 1963), p 566.〕 considered conclusive by James S. Ackerman〔Reviewing Hibbard, 1962 in ''The Art Bulletin'' 45.2 (June 1963), pp. 163-164,〕 and followed by other scholars since, with more or less reduced interventions by Longhi. Before Tomasso del Giglio died in 1578, the façade and the unique but undocumented double-columned two-storey arcade of the courtyard had been established, a conceptual scheme of Vignola's, Hibbard suggested, but which was carried out in 1575-78 by Martino Longhi the Elder. Longhi was retained by Pedro Cardinal Deza, who bought the property in 1587, but seems to have done little more than continue the great courtyard. Cardinal Camillo Borghese purchased the structure in 1604 and acquired further adjacent properties towards the river.〔This included a 16th-century structure owned by the Farnese, accounting for the kink in the facade.〕 When the Cardinal became Pope Paul V in 1605, he gave the palace to his brothers but continued to commission the work, which was carried forward vigorously, at first by Flaminio Ponzio, and completed after Ponzio's death in 1613 by Carlo Maderno and Giovanni Vasanzio. Ponzio extended the square courtyard from five to seven bays, and the oval stair between the courtyard and a garden that stretched as far as the Ripetta. He also constructed the secondary facade onto the Piazza Borghese and down towards the Tiber, with balconies above the rusticated entrance on the Via di Ripetta. On the death of his uncle, Cardinal Scipione Borghese took up residence and undertook changing the garden to a loggia and hanging garden.〔Blunt, Anthony. ''Guide to Baroque Rome'', Granada, 1982, p.167. Falda's engraving of the Porto di Ripetta in the 1660s showing the loggia, gardens and gate as seen from the Tiber side, is published by Blunt, 1972, p.254, illustration 104〕 In 1671-76 Carlo Rainaldi added new features for Prince Giovan Battista Borghese; the most extensive changes were made on the newly raised ground floor of the long wing extending towards the Tiber, ending with river views, which the Borghese found the most congenial dwelling spaces: Rainaldi added the columnar loggia to Ponzi's end facade (''illustration, right''), and on the interior a richly stuccoed oval chapel, and the narrow barrel-vaulted ''galleria'', the highly charged Cortonesque decorative details of which were designed by Giovan Francesco Grimaldi (1606-1680).〔This transverse ''galleria'' was not the former Picture Gallery in the palazzo. (Howard Hibbard, "Palazzo Borghese Studies - II: The Galleria" ''The Burlington Magazine'' 104 No. 706 (January 1962), pp. 9-20.)〕 The Porto di Ripetta, the port of Rome, was along the river bank of the Via di Ripetta. From 1707, the Tiber side of Palazzo Borghese would have overlooked the scenographic steps of the Porto di Ripetta designed by Alessandro Specchi. The port was destroyed in the 19th century with the development of Lungotevere.〔See the anonymous engraved view of the Porto di Ripetta designed by Specchi in Blunt, 1982, p.254, illustration 254〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Palazzo Borghese」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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